Superplastic Forming: Ready For The 1990s

The SPF and SPF/DB processes originated in the U.S.A., for the Rockwell International B-1 Bomber Program. By 1980, six companies were practicing the processes. During the 1980 decade, this number increased to 19 in the U.S. and eight overseas. The number and types of alloys suitable for the processes increased from one titanium and two aluminum alloys to a wide variety of A1 and TI alloys as well as MMC systems. Tool design methods, tooling materials, process equipment, and inspection techniques significantly advanced, resulting in cost reductions. The 1990 decade will see increased applications within the aerospace industries for these cost-effective processes.